http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~mfast/linux_tutorial.html -- A basic intro to creating C++ programs with emacs on linux
http://www.ee.ucr.edu/EESystems/docs/emacsrefcard.html -- A reference card with emacs commands.
http://www.cs.bu.edu/teaching/tool/emacs/programming/ -- how to compile and debug from within emacs:
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A useful tool for debugging run-time memory errors (mistakes with pointers, array indices out of bounds, etc) is "valgrind". You can download a binary [here], and you can find documentation [here].